THE BANYAN AND PEEPAL TREE MARRIAGE :
--A SACRED RELIGIOUS FAITH IN NEPALI CULTURE
Nava Kumari Devi
Asst. Professor, Department of Philosophy,
Lokanayak Omeo Kumar Das College, Dhekiajuli, Sonitpur, Assam
E-mail: navakumari18@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION
This article delves into the topic from the perspective of the philosophy of religion. The real history of humanity is intertwined with the history of religion. As Brightman states, "Philosophy of Religion is an attempt to discover, by rational interpretation of religion and its relations to other types of experience, the truth of religious beliefs and the value of religious attitudes and practices." In religion, people exhibit complete faith in supernatural powers and surrender themselves entirely. Whether seeking something worldly or otherworldly, or simply for the sake of well-being, individuals place their trust in a supreme entity. Humans are considered the most superior beings among all creatures. Thus, in the context of religious beliefs, it is reason and intellect that lead humans to place their faith in the deities they worship.
On the belief of nature worship, the Nepali community celebrates the marriage ceremony of the Banyan and Peepal trees, with the Banyan tree representing God Vishnu as the groom and the Peepal tree representing Goddess Lakshmi as the bride. The Nepali community believes that the Banyan tree symbolizes longevity and immortality because it continues to thrive around anything in its path. It has the ability to live and grow for centuries. Incorporating the qualities of the Banyan tree into our lives serves as a constant reminder of what is truly important. On the other hand, the Nepali community believes that the roots of the Peepal tree house Lord Vishnu, its trunk embodies Keshava, its branches hold Narayana, its leaves are home to Lord Hari, and its fruits are said to contain all the deities. The Peepal tree is considered the form of Lord Vishnu. The wise and virtuous serve this tree, and it is believed to destroy human sins. Additionally, the Peepal tree is believed to be the dwelling place of ancestors and sacred pilgrimage sites.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT BANYAN AND PEEPAL TREE
The banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) is a substantial evergreen native to Asia, capable of reaching heights of up to 100 feet and spreading indefinitely. It features a broad, fluted trunk, smooth bark, and large leaves, with a sprawling canopy of horizontal branches. Distinguished by its aerial roots, which extend from the branches and anchor themselves into the ground to form additional trunks, the banyan tree can eventually resemble a dense thicket due to the complex network of roots and trunks.
The peepal tree (Ficus religiosa) is a large deciduous or semi-evergreen species that can reach heights of up to 98 feet and have a trunk diameter of 9.8 feet. It features a broad canopy and a deep root system. The heart-shaped leaves, characterized by long, pointed tips and wavy edges, measure between 3.9 and 6.7 inches in length and 3.1 to 4.7 inches in width, with petioles ranging from 2.4 to 3.9 inches. The tree produces small figs, approximately 0.39 to 0.59 inches in diameter, which are green when unripe and turn purple as they mature. Native to India, the peepal tree thrives in full sunlight and hot, humid conditions, preferring loamy soil with a pH of 7 or lower. It holds significant historical and religious value, being sacred to Hindus, Buddhists, and Jains, and is referred to as "ashvattha" in Sanskrit, meaning "under which horses stand.
SIGNIFICANCE OF BANYAN AND PEEPAL TREE WITH HUMAN SOCIETY
Peepal and Banyan trees are among the most venerated trees in India. They have a long-life span, which inspires society to strive for longevity. Our societal life is deeply intertwined with these trees. In every auspicious event, the presence of these trees is considered sacred. Many proverbs and sayings are associated with them, highlighting their crucial role in guiding society. These trees provide shelter that cannot be swayed by storms, offer wisdom, and are considered the dwelling place of deities, standing tall and steadfast among us.
The Banyan is generally regarded as the national tree of India. In Sanatan Dharma, the Peepal tree is called the "tree of the gods." It is said that the deities reside on every leaf of the tree. From ancient times, people have known that the Peepal tree plays a vital role in producing oxygen and supporting the health of the environment. It is one of the most oxygen-producing trees in the world and is known for its ability to purify the air. They give off oxygen even at night.
THE RITUALS OF WORSHIPPING BANYAN AND PEEPAL TREES
मुलतोब्रह्मरुपायमध्यतोविष्णुरूपिणे।
अग्रत: शिवरुपायवृक्षराजायतेनम:।।
आयु: प्रजांधनंधान्यंसौभाग्यंसर्वसम्पदम्।
देहिदेवमहावृक्षत्वामहंशरणंगत:।।
Banyan and Peepal trees are revered as embodiments of Lord Narayan and Goddess Lakshmi. On Saturdays, it is believed that Goddess Lakshmi and Lord Vishnu reside in the Peepal tree, and worshipping it is thought to bring good fortune and happiness. In Nepali tradition, rituals such as cleaning the base of the Peepal tree with cow dung, offering water, and tying a thread around it on Saturdays are believed to help fulfil one's wishes. Devotees of Lord Vishnu often offer water to the Banyan tree. Both Banyan and Peepal leaves are used in various sacred ceremonies. Women seeking to conceive worship the Peepal tree. According to legend, when Sage Markandeya performed penance to see Lord Vishnu, Vishnu revealed a divine vision, and during the pralaya (cosmic dissolution), Vishnu rested on a Banyan leaf, holding and kissing his toe, which led to the belief that the Banyan tree is his sacred abode. Some religious texts also suggest that Lord Shiva resides in the Banyan tree, as he is said to have shared stories with Goddess Parvati under its shade, further linking the tree with his divine presence.
THE MARRIAGE OF BANYAN AND PEEPAL TREES
Since ancient times, the Nepali community has been very interested in planting Banyan and Peepal trees together in places like town centers, market areas, open fields, schools, near temples, beside roads, by playgrounds, and along riverbanks. These trees are planted for environmental protection and awareness. It is not only the responsibility of the person who plants the trees but also of other members of society to nurture and care for them. Just as humans arrange marriages when they reach adulthood, when the branches of Banyan and Peepal trees start to touch each other, they are considered fully grown and are symbolically married. This marriage is conducted by a Brahmin according to full Vedic tradition to commence their union. People from both sides, representing the groom and the bride, gather to perform the ceremony, washing feet and chanting auspicious hymns. The day before, a special ritual involving the making and offering of sweets, called "Kasar" is also performed. People organize the marriage with fanfare and rituals, including processions, feasts, and other traditions. There is a belief that the act of marrying Banyan and Peepal trees is a divine and auspicious event, and according to tradition, families that perform this marriage will never have an unmarried child.
PLANTING AND WORSHIPPING BANYAN AND PEEPAL TREES AS REMEDIES IN ASTROLOGY
The Nepali community, along with other Hindu communities, believes in the influence of horoscopes on their destinies. They frequently consult trusted astrologers by showing them their Kundali (birth chart) and palms. Based on the astrologers' instructions, they perform rituals to mitigate the effects of any graha dosha (planetary afflictions) in their lives. According to astrology, if a person is suffering from Surya (Sun), Brihaspati (Jupiter), or Shani (Saturn) dosha, astrologers may instruct them to plant a Peepal tree as a remedy.
In astrology, planting a Peepal tree is considered beneficial. If the Sun is weak in one's horoscope or if they are suffering from its negative effects in their life, they should plant and worship a Peepal tree at home. Planting a Peepal tree helps eliminate planetary doshas in the horoscope and brings happiness and prosperity to the family. Therefore, it is considered auspicious to plant a Peepal tree. If people sit under a Peepal tree and read the Hanuman Chalisa, they may overcome troubling enemies. This practice is believed to help achieve victory over enemies, preventing new ones from standing against them.In astrology, Shani Dev (Saturn) is referred to as the god of justice, who rewards people according to their deeds. When Saturn is poorly placed in a horoscope, debilitated, in an enemy sign, or during the period of Shani's "Dhaiya" or "Sade Sati" worshipping the Peepal tree brings special benefits. To alleviate the distress caused by Shani Dev, it is recommended to worship the Peepal tree. Offering water to the Peepal tree daily is advised to please Shani Dev. On Saturdays, offering milk and water to the roots, lighting a lamp with mustard or sesame oil under the Peepal tree, and performing seven circumambulations help in pacifying Shani, as well as Rahu, Ketu, and Pitri Dosha (ancestral afflictions).
According to astrology, if Brihaspati (Jupiter) is strong in the horoscope, it blesses a person with a prosperous life. However, if Jupiter is weak, it can lead to difficulties. Offering water to the roots of the Peepal tree helps alleviate issues related to Jupiter and brings the blessings of the planet. Planting a Banyan tree is also believed to bring the blessings of ancestors. Watering the Banyan tree is said to grant longevity and liberation in life.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE TREES WITH CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
Global warming, primarily driven by the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), is leading to a rise in global temperatures. This temperature increase disrupts established weather patterns and accelerates climate change, causing a range of interconnected effects on human societies. In the 21st century, deforestation has intensified conflicts with wildlife, as natural habitats are destroyed. In response to the rising temperatures, many people rely on air conditioners and coolers to stay comfortable. However, continuous use of these cooling systems poses health risks and contributes to the degradation of the environment, further diminishing the quality of the atmosphere we breathe.
In this context, tree planting and conservation have become vital practices. From an environmental standpoint, the planting and symbolic marriage of Banyan and Peepal trees represent a timely and meaningful approach. These trees, deeply rooted in cultural and religious traditions, play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. Despite modern scepticism and the tendency to dismiss such practices as outdated, it is essential to recognize that our survival depends on the health of our natural environment. In today's interconnected world, where global news is instantly accessible, it is easy to overlook the importance of traditional environmental practices. Many people may mock the ritualistic aspects of marrying Banyan and Peepal trees, seeing them as relics of the past. However, it is important to understand that while technology and digital advancements are crucial, they cannot replace the fundamental need for a healthy and sustainable environment. Nature, as our nurturing mother, is integral to our existence, and it is our collective duty to protect and preserve it.
Beyond their religious and cultural significance, the practices of planting, worshipping, or symbolically marrying these trees hold substantial social and environmental value. They serve as reminders of our responsibility to foster a harmonious relationship with nature. Embracing these traditions not only honours our cultural heritage but also contributes to the broader effort of environmental conservation, ensuring that future generations inherit a thriving and resilient planet.
CONCLUSION
In today’s world, there is a growing global shift towards spirituality as a means to achieve personal growth and social respect. This trend is particularly evident in India, where individuals from diverse backgrounds—whether they are uneducated or highly educated—are engaging in spiritual and motivational discourse through platforms like YouTube. The widespread attendance at motivational talks underscores a burgeoning interest in spirituality and self-improvement. However, simply listening to these speeches is not enough to effect real change. The health implications of environmental degradation are becoming increasingly severe, as air pollution contributes to a range of dangerous diseases worldwide. Clean air is essential for maintaining good health, which makes environmental conservation a critical concern. In response, both government and non-governmental organizations are actively promoting social forestry initiatives aimed at protecting and restoring natural environments.
The tradition of marrying Banyan and Peepal trees, rooted in ancient practices, remains relevant today. This ritual not only carries cultural and spiritual significance but also symbolizes a commitment to environmental stewardship. As we face escalating environmental challenges, raising public awareness about the importance of conservation and taking proactive measures to protect nature are imperative. Our continued existence and well-being depend on these efforts. In addition to supporting traditional practices like tree planting, it is crucial to integrate modern environmental strategies. This includes embracing sustainable practices, advocating for stricter pollution controls, and fostering community involvement in ecological preservation. By combining the wisdom of ancient traditions with contemporary environmental action, we can work towards a more sustainable future and ensure that both our health and the planet's health are safeguarded for future generations.
REFERENCES
Roy,Hemanta Kumar,Dharma Darshan (Union Book Publication- Guwahati 2015/2016)
Vriksha Raj Pipal Book-by Umesh Pandey
__________________________
Post a Comment